ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—. ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืžืฆืจืš ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืคืฉ.  

ื’ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”, ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื’ื ื—ืกืš ืฉื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื–ืืช, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืคืจื˜  ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืชืกืžื•ื ืช  ื”ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช  ื”ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื’ื  ืคื™ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ืืœื’ื™ื”, ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”.  

ืืžื ื ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืชืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ "ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ืจื™ื", ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ื ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ (ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžื”ืžื•ื—). ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช.

ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”

ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— (ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืื ืฆืคืœื•ื’ืจื [EEG]):  ืฉื ืช REM  (ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช) ื•ืฉื™ื ื”  ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM  .  

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช REM ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช. ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช REM ื”ื ื’ื ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื’ื•ืจื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM. ืกื•ื’ ืฉื™ื ื” ื–ื” ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ืž-1 ืขื“ 4, ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืขื•ืจืจื•ืช.  

ืฉืœื‘ 1 ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืงืœื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืงืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืชืื™ื, ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืจืขืœื ื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืจืžื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ 4. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชืื™ื ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืฉื™ื ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”-ATP, ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื”, ืื‘ืจื•ื ื™ ืชืื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื‘-ATP โ€“ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.

ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื™ื ืžื™

ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืกื˜ื˜ื™. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›-90 ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืฉืœื‘ 1 ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื‘ื™ื 2 ื•-3 ืœืฉืœื‘ 4 ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืชืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื ืช REM. ืืฆืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ืช ื”-REM ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 5 ืœ-10 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืžื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกืขืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช REM ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM, ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ 90 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืช ื”-REM ืขื•ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื•ืงื‘. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 7.5 ืœ-9 ืฉืขื•ืช). ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ (ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™, ื ืชื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื) ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืช ื”-REM ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉืขื”.

ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืžื•ืœ ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื”

ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžืฆื‘. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืกืš ืฉื™ื ื”, ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

  • ื”ื™ืจื“ืžื•ืช ืชื•ืš 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช.  
  • ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.  
  • ืขืจื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 20 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืจื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืืžื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืฉื ืช REM ืžืกืคืงืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40 ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืช ื”-REM, ื•ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM ืœืฉื ืช REM. ื–ืืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื›ืžื• ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”, ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช, ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืœืช ืืฆืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื“'). ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” 3 ื•-4 ื’ื ืคื•ื—ืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 45.

ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”

ืืžื ื ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” (ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืžืจื“ื™ืžื•ืช) ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” (ืฉืœื‘ื™ื 3-4) ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM, ื•ื’ื ืœืฉื ืช REM. ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ "ื—ืžืจืžื•ืจืช" ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,  ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ,  5-HTP,  GABA,  L-ืชื™ืื ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื“') ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื•ื— ื•ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื.  

ื’ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื ื•ื’ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื ืžื›ืจื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืฉื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื ืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื. ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฉื ืžืžื›ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื›ืžื• ืกื—ืจื—ื•ืจืช, ื™ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื•. ื•ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ื "ืœ.

ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืขื”, ื’ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื ื•ื’ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื ืžื›ืจื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืฉื, ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ, ื•ื’ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืจื ืขืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš.1  ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื“ืื™ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020, ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-24 ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืกื˜ืจืก (ืขืงื”), ื—ืจื“ื”, ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ. ื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื.  

ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.2  ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืื™ ื”ื“ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื ื” (ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”) ื—ืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืกืจืขืคืชื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžื–ืจื™ืžื” ืœื™ืžืคื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื™ืžืคื”. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื”ื“ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ืจืขืœื ื™ื.  

ืื™ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืขื™  

ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงืคืื™ืŸ

ื›ืžื• ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงืคืื™ืŸ. ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 150 ืœ-225 ืž"ื’ ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื–ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื 1-2 ืกืคืœื™ ืงืคื”. ืืžื ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืขื“ ืคื™ 15, ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืฆืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืœื ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืคืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื•ืงื— ืขื“ 12-24 ืฉืขื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืงืฉื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืงืคื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืชื”, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืงืคืื™ืŸ, ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื“'.  

ืฆืžืฆืžื• ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ

ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ. ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ (ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืขืฆื‘ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืžืฉืจื” ืฉื™ื ื”). ืืžื ื ื”ื ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืžืจื™ืฆื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”. ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืขืชื™ืจืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ "ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื—" ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืขืจื•ืช.   

ืฆืžืฆืžื• ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืจืฆื™ืคื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 3, 4 ืื• 5 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ. ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืจืžื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืœื ืžืื•ื–ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืฆืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ืžื• ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ื. ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื“ืœืช ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืžืื•ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ  PGX, ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื. PGX ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ืœืื—ืจ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ.3  ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืจืฆื™ืคื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ 2.5 ืขื“ 5 ื’ืจ' ืฉืœ PGX ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช.

ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืกื˜ืจืก (ืขืงื”)

ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืก, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-300 ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ, ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื ืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืœืช ืืฆืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื–ื›ืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื™ืจื•ื“ื”.

ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื”

ื™ืฉ ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:

ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ

ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืจืฆื™ืคื”, ื”ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืจืžื•ืช ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 40, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื• ืจืžื•ืช ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.4,5

ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 3-5 ืž"ื’ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 6 ื”ื•ื 1-3 ืž"ื’. ืืžื ื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ, ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžืชื™ืœ-ืงื•ื‘ืœืžื™ืŸ (ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B12)

ืžืชื™ืœ-ืงื•ื‘ืœืžื™ืŸ, ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B12, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ 40 ื•ืžืขืœื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช. ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ืžืชื™ืœ-ืงื•ื‘ืœืžื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืคืจืขื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืคืจืขืช ืฉื™ื ื”-ืขืจื•ืช. ื”ื”ืคืจืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœืฆื“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช. ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืจืขืช ืฉื™ื ื”-ืขืจื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžืชื™ืœ-ืงื•ื‘ืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ืœืจืžืช ืขืจื ื•ืช ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—.6,7  ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืชื™ืœ-ืงื•ื‘ืœืžื™ืŸ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉืช ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉืช ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื”ื•ื 3-5 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ืœ-ืงื•ื‘ืœืžื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืงื™ืฆื”.

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืข, ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืกื˜ืจืก ื•ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ืจืคื™ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืืฆืœ ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ืกื™ื’ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.8,9  ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื”ื•ื 250-300 ืž"ื’ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜, ืžืœืื˜ ืื• ื‘ื™ืก-ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืื‘ืงื” ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืžืฉืงื” ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช.  

5-HTP (ืื• 5-ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืงืกื™-ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ื•ืคืŸ)

5-HTP ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ืžื•ื— ืœืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืขืฆื‘ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ื ื”. ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ L-ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืฆืฃ ืฉื™ื ื”.10,11  ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ 5-HTP ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืช REM (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื›-25%), ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื 3-4, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ. ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ืฉื ืช REM ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื 1-2 ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช REM, ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ 5-HTP ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”: 50 ืขื“ 150 ืž"ื’, ื›-30-45 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื›ื“ืื™ ื’ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ 5-HTP ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 50 ืขื“ 100 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื ืืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ืื• ืœืกื™ื•ืข ืœื”ืจื–ื™ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš 3 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ.  

L-ืชื™ืื ื™ืŸ

L-ืชื™ืื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืืžื™ื ื• ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื” (ืงืžืœื™ื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช). ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœื• ื›ื™ L-ืชื™ืื ื™ืŸ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื˜ืจืก, ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ืงื“ื-ื•ืกืชื™ืช, ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืคืื™ืŸ.12  ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืชืช L-ืชื™ืื ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 200 ืž"ื’. ืืฆืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื L-ืชื™ืื ื™ืŸ ืœื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ 200 ืž"ื’, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืชื•ืจื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ืืฆืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 600 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ L-ืชื™ืื ื™ืŸ.  

ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ

ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ ืžืจืคื, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ (ืื• ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ Valeriana officinalis) ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ืžืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ื•ืชื•ืจื ืœืฉื™ื ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”.13  ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ "ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ืžืจืžื•ืจืช" ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืžื—ืจืช.

ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ (ืขื 0.8% ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื•ืœืจื™ืช) ื›ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจื’ืขื” ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื 150 ืขื“ 300 ืž"ื’, ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ืื ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื”ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ. ืื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืงื—ืชื ืœื ืขื–ืจ, ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืขืœื• ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ.

ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ:

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โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“