ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืื ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“. ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื. ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืขื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืจืง ืขื“ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื.

ืœืœื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื—ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืข ืืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื” ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช, ืกื—ืจื—ื•ืจืช, ื—ื•ืœืฉื”, ื‘ื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ื–ืขื”, ื“ื•ืคืง ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืื ืœื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื, ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื™ื, ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืชื ืชืœืžื“ื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื”ย ย ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืชย ย ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืชย ย ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืย ย ื‘ืžืกื ื ื™ ืงืจื™ื ื”ย ย ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื, ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืื™ืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžื”ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื?

ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืงืจื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื–ืขื” ืฉืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื–ื™ืข, ืืกืคืงืช ื”ื“ื ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช.

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืขื•ืจ, ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช, ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘. ืื ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•ื ืชื™ืžืฉืš ื•ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื“ื, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืื• ืœืขื™ืœืคื•ืŸ.

ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื–ื™ืขื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื ืชืจืŸ ื•ื›ืœื•ืจ, ืืฉืจ ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ืขื”.ย ย ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืย ย ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื’ื ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื›ืš, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืขืงื‘ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืื ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื ืื•ืชื”.

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื. ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื ืคื— ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืขื”, ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืœื—ื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•ื, ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื.

ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื

  • ืกื—ืจื—ื•ืจืช ื•ื—ื•ืœืฉื”
  • ื‘ื—ื™ืœื”
  • ืขื•ืจ ืžื–ื™ืข ืื• ืงืจ
  • ื“ื•ืคืง ืžื•ืืฅ
  • ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ
  • ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื

ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื•ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื›ืช ืฉืžืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืฉืžืฉ, ืื– ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ.

ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช

ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžื™ืฆื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ื™ื ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืงื” ืจืง ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืื’ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื. ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื•ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื•ื™ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช.

ื ืกื• ืžืฉืงื” ืกืคื•ืจื˜

ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืฉืชื• ืžืฉืงื” ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขื 6%-8% ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช. ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœย ย ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืย ย  โ€” ื ืชืจืŸ, ืืฉืœื’ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื•ืจ โ€” ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฆืžื ื•ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืขื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืงืจื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ.

ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื

ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ื’ืย ย ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืย ย ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืžืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื–ื™ืขื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื, ื ืชืจืŸ ื•ื›ืœื•ืจ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ื“ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืขืœ ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ ื’ื ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืื ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื”.

ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื”?

ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ื ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืจืขื ื ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืžืจื™ืฆื”. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื, ืœื’ื™ืœ ื•ืœืจืžืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.

ย ย ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืž"ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืงืง"ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืงืœื•ืจื™ืช.

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ื›-2000 ืงืง"ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›-2,000 ืž"ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื. ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืื•ืžืฆืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ, ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœ-1.5 ืž"ืœ ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืงืง"ืœ, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืงืœื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ 2000 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื›-3,000 ืž"ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื.

ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, 1.5 ืž"ืœ ืœืงืง"ืœ, ืื• ื›-3,000 ืž"ืœ ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ.

ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื•ืœืจืžืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.

ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช

ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื›ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื ืœื ื”ืžืžืก ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ.ย ย 

ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืžื™ื, ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื.

ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฉืงื” ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขื ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœย ย ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ืืฃ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืื•ืžืฆืช ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืœืžื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื.

ื”ื’ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกื ื ื™ ืงืจื™ื ื”

ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ, ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชย ย ืžืกื ืŸ ืงืจื™ื ื”ย ย ืขื ืžืงื“ื ื”ื’ื ื” (SPF) 15 ื•ืžืขืœื”. ืžืจื—ื• ืืช ืžืกื ืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ื ื” 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ื›ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉ ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช. ื›ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ืขื”. ื’ื ืื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื™ื“, ืื™-ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกื ืŸ ืงืจื™ื ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืชืื•ืžื™.

ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกื ืŸ ืงืจื™ื ื” ื—ืคืฉื• ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขื ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• "ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ืจื—ื‘" ืื• "ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ื ืช UVA/UVB" ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœื” ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืžืงืจื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ.

ืื ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ื”ื’ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืจื—ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืงืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ืจื•ืคืคื™ื ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืงืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื.

ืžืกืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”

ืชื™ื”ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืœื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ, ืืš ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช, ื•ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ืฉืงืœื• ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืย ย ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื•ืขืย ย ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื. ืžืจื—ื•ย ย ืžืกื ืŸ ืงืจื™ื ื”ย ย ื•ืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืงืœื™ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœ, ืืœ ืชืžื”ืจื•. ื”ืชืืงืœืžื•ืช ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืคืชืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื.

5 ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฅ:ย ย ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ:

  1. Baker LB. Physiology of sweat gland function: The roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health. Temperature (Austin). 2019;6(3):211-259. Published 2019 Jul 17. doi:10.1080/23328940.2019.1632145
  2. National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on the Tenth Edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1989. 11, Water and Electrolytes. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234935/
  3. Pence J, Bloomer RJ. Impact of Nuun Electrolyte Tablets on Fluid Balance in Active Men and Women. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3030. Published 2020 Oct 2. doi:10.3390/nu12103030
  4. Szรฉkely M, Carletto L, Garami A. The pathophysiology of heat exposure. Temperature (Austin). 2015;2(4):452. Published 2015 May 27. doi:10.1080/23328940.2015.1051207
  5. Shultz, S. NFHS Handbook Heat Related Illness, Journal of Athletic Training: 35(2).
  6. Tai CY, Joy JM, Falcone PH, et al. An amino acid-electrolyte beverage may increase cellular rehydration relative to carbohydrate-electrolyte and flavored water beverages. Nutr J. 2014;13:47. Published 2014 May 26. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-47
  7. Tips for Preventing Heat-Related Illness. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/heattips.html. Published June 19, 2017. Accessed June 14, 2021.

โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“