הזדקנות ובריאות הגבר: העלאת רמות הטסטוסטרון
ืคืืจืกื ืืืงืืจ ืืืืงืืืืจ 2017 / ืขืืืื ืืืื ื 2024
ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืจืืื ืืืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื
ืจืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืชืจืืฉืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืงื ืื ื ืืืขืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืื. ื ืืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืื ืืื "ืื ืืจืืคืืืื", "ืื ืืคืืืื ืืืจืืช" ืื "ืืื ืืืขืืจ ืฉื ืืืจืื" ืืื ืืจืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืข ืคืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืขืืจ. ืขื ืืืช, ืืขืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืขืืืจืืช ืื ืืคืืืื, ืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืขืืืจืื ืื ืืจืืคืืืื.
ืืืื ืืื "ืืื ืืืขืืจ ืฉื ืืืจืื" ืื "ืื ืืจืืคืืืื" ืืชืืืืกืื ืืืืคืขืชื ืฉื ืชืกืืื ืื ืืกืืื ืื ืืงืฉืืจืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืืช, ืื ืืฆืืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืืืืจืืื ืื ืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืืืืจื-ืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื.
ืืื ืืชืกืืื ืื ืื ืคืืฆืื ืฉื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื:
- ืขืืืคืืช
- ืืืืืื
- ืขืฆืื ืืช
- ืืจืืื ืืืฉืง ืืืื ื
- ืืคืจืขืืช ืืงืคื
- ืืืขืืช ืืืื
- ืืื ืืื
ืจืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื ืืืจืืช ืืืืคื ืืืขื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืงื ืื, ืื ืืื ืืจืืคืืืื, ืื "ืืืคืืืื ืืืื", ืฉืืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืืง ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ื ืืื ืืช, ืื ืืืจืืืช ืื ืืชืืช ืืืืื ืืชืงืื ืืืื.
ืื ืื ืจืืืชื ืคืจืกืืืืช ืขื "ืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื", ืืจื ืฉืืกืคืงืื ืฉื ืชืืฉืืจื ืืกืืืกืืจืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืืืจืฉื ืื ืกืื ืืืืืฃ ืืืชื ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืจืื ืืืชืืืจ ืืคืชืจืื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืคืื ืืืกืืืกืืจืื. ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืื ืืฉื ืฉื ืื ืืจืืคืืืื ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื ืฉื ืื ืืืืืืงืช.1
ืื ืืืจื ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื?
ืืืจื ืืื 30, ืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืคื ืืืขื ื-10% ืืื ืขืฉืืจ, ืื ืื-1% ืืฉื ื. ืืืจืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืจืืืืช, ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืืงืฆื ืืื ืืื ืืจืืื.
ืืฉ ืืกืคืจ ืืืจืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืชืจืื ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื, ืืืื:
- ืืฉืื ืช ืืชืจ, ืกืืืจืช ืืชื ืืืืช ืืืื ืกืืืื ืื ืืกืืืืช ืืืืืืืืช ืืจืืืช ืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืืืืช ืืืืื ื. ืืฆื ืืืจืื ืฉืื ืื ืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืืคืฉื ื ืืืืืช ืืืชืจ, ืืืืก ืืฉืืจ ืืืืืจืช ืืืฉืื ื. ืจืืช ืืกืืจืืื ืืืืืจืช ืืืืืจื ืืช ืืืขืื.
- ืืืงืช ืืจืื ืืช ืืื ืืืจื ืกืืืื ื ืืกืฃ ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื. ืชื ืืืืช ืืืื ืกืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืืืจืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืฉืงืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืื C ืืืจืืช ืจืืืฉืืช ืืืืื (hsCRP).
- ืืฉืืคื ืืืืืจืช ืืืกืืจืืื ืื "ืืืฆืื ืืื" โ ืชืจืืืืืช ืขื ืืฉืคืขื ืืืืืช ืืกืืจืืื ืืืฆืืืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืกืืืื โ ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืจื, ืคืชืืืื (ืคืืกืืืง), ืชืืฆืจื ืขืืฉืื ืืืง, ืืชืืืช ืืืืืช (ืขืืคืจืช, ืืกืคืืช ืืื') ืืืืกืื ืฉืื ืื. ืืกืืจืืื ืื ืืืฆืื ืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืช ืืฉืคืขืืช ืืืกืืจืืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื, ืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืืกืืืกืืจืื.
- ืืืขืืจ ืคืขืืืืช ืืืคื ืืช. ืืฆื ืฉื ื, ืืืืื ืื ืงืืืขืื ืขื ืคืขืืืืช ืืืคื ืืช ืืืืืฆืช ืืงืฆืจื, ืืืืืื ืืจืืช ืืฉืงืืืืช, ืื ืืืช ืืืจืืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืืืชืจ ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืืกืืืกืืจืื.
- ืืกืืจืก ืืฉ ืืฉืคืขื ืฉืืืืืช ืขื ืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื, ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืืืจืืื ืงืืจืืืืื ืืืืชืจืืช ืืืืื.
ืืื ืืืขืืืช ืืช ืจืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื
ืืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืืืจืช ืจืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื ืขื ืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืคื ืืืขืืืช ืืืกืืกืืืช, ืขื-ืืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืคืขืืืืช ืืื ืกืืืื, ืืฉืืช ืืฉืงื ืืืฃ ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืจืืืช ืืกืืืจ ืืื. ืืจืืื ืืืฉืงื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืช ืจืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืื-50%.2
ืืขืืจ ืืฆืขืืื ืืืกืืกืืื ืืืื, ืืฉื ื ืืกืคืจ ืชืืฉืืจืื ืืืขืืื ืฉืขืฉืืืื ืืขืืืจ:
ืืืฅ
ืืืฅ ืืื ืืืื ืืกืื ืืงืืจื ืืืฉืื ืืืืชืจ ืืชืคืงืื ืืืื ื ืฉื ืืืจืื. ืืขืจืืื ืืช ืืืืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืจืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืฅ. ื ืืื ืืืจืข ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืฅ (ืืื ืฉืคืืื ืืืจ ืืืื ื-2.5 ื"ื ืฉื ืืืฅ).
ืืืฅ ืืขืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืืจืืืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื, ืืืื ืืืืืฃ ืืกืืืกืืจืื. ืืกืคืจ ืืืงืจืื ืชืืืืื ืื ืืืืช ืชืืกืคื ืืืฅ ืืืืคืื ืืกืคืืจืช ืืจืข ื ืืืื, ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืจืืช ืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืืื. ืืืงืจืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืฅ ืืืื ืืืขืืืช ืื ืืช ืกืคืืจืช ืืืจืข ืืื ืืช ืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื.3
ืืืจืื ืจืืื ืขืืืืื ืืกืืื ืืขืงืจืืช, ืกืคืืจืืช ืืจืข ื ืืืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื ืคืฉืื ืืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืืืฅ.4,5 ืืืืืฅ ืืืืื ืชืืกืฃ ืืืฅ ืืืื ืื ืฉื 30 ืขื 45 ื"ื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืจืืช ืืืฅ ืืืืืช.
ืืจืืจื ืืช ืืืื ืืช
ืืจืืจื ืืช ืืืื ืืช (ืืืืื) ืืืืื ืืกืคืจ ืกืืจืืืื ืฆืืืืื ืคืขืืืื, ืืืฉืจ ืืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืคื ืึผืกืื ืืคืจืึนืืึนืืืึนืกืฆืื. ืืกืคืจ ืืืงืจืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืชืืฆืืช ืืจืืจื ืืช ืืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืืื ืช ืฉืืคืืจ ืืืฉืง ืืืื ื ืืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื.6,7 ืื, ืืืืงืจ ืืคืื-ืกืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืงืื ืืงืืืฆื ืฉืงืืืื 600 ื"ื ืฉื ืชืืฆืืช ืืจืืจื ืืช ืืืื ืืช ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืืฉืง ืืืื ื (81.5%), ืืืื ืืืชืืืฉืฉืืช (66.7%) ืืืืืืืช ืืืืฆืืขืื ืืืื ืืื (63%), ืืฆื ืขืืืื ืืชืื ื ืืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื. ืืืืงืจ ืืืจ, 50 ื ืืืงืื ืืืืืื 35 ืขื 65 ืฉื ื ื ืืื 500 ื"ื ืฉื ืชืืฆืืช ืืจืืจื ืืช ืืืื ืืช ืขื 20% ืคืจืึนืืึนืืืึนืกืฆืื. ืืฆื 90% ืืืฉืชืชืคื ืืืืงืจ, ืจืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืืคืฉื ืขืืชื ืืขื 46%.
ืืื ืืงื ืืื
ืืื ืืงื ืืื (ืืืืืข ืื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ื eurycoma ongifolia ืืืฉื ื'ืื ืกื ื ืืืื) ืืื ืฆืื ืคืืจื ืฉืืงืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืืื. ืืฉืืืงืื ืืืชื ืืชืืจ ืืืืืจ ืจืืืช ืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืฉืคืจ ืืืฆืืขืื ืืื ืืื. ืืฉื ื ืขืืืืืช ืฉืชืืืืืช ืืืขื ืืช ืืืื, ืืฆื ืืฉืฉืืช ืืคื ื ืงืืืื ืฉื ืชืืฉืืจืื ืืืืืคืื ืืฉืืง.8 ืืืืงืจ ืืื ืืงืจื ืืืจืื ืขื ืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื, ื ืืืืช 200 ื"ื ืฉื ืชืืฆืืช ืืกืืกืช ืืื ืืชืืงื ื ืช ืฉื ืืื ืืงื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืฉื 46% ืืจืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืืื, ืืืฉืจ 90% ืืื ืืืงืื ืืืืขื ืืจืืืช ืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืก ืืืืื.9 ืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืืช ื ืืกืคืืช ืฉื ืฆืคื ืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืกืคืืจืช ืืืจืข, ืืชืคืงืื ืืืื ื ืืืืคืจืขืืช ืืงืคื.9,10
ืงืื ืืฆืื
ืืจืคืืืช ืืืืจืืืื ื ืืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืงืื ืืฆืื (Tribulus) โืืชืืจ ืืืจืืฅ ืืืขืืจืจ ืชืฉืืงื ืืื ืืช, ืืืจืคืืื ืืขืืืืช ืืืืจืืคื ืืฉืชืืฉื ืื ืืืืืจืช ืืื ืืืืจื. ืืื ื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืขืจืื ืืงืจื ืืืจืื ืืจืืืื ืขื ืจืืืช ืืกืืืกืืจืื ืชืงืื ืืช ืื ืืืืืื ืื ืงืื ืืฆืื ืืขืื ืืช ืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื, ืืื ืืฉ ืขืืืืืช ืงืืื ืืืช ืืกืืืืืช ืืื ืฉืืื ืขืฉืื ืืืืืช ืืขืื ืืืขืืืช ืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื ืขื ืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื.11 ืืืงืจ ืืฉื ืช 2019 ืืงืจื ืืืจืื ืขื ืืกืืืกืืจืื ื ืืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืืืื ืฉื ืชืืฆืืช ืงืื ืืฆืื ืืืฉื 60 ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืจืืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืฉืืคืืจ ืืชืคืงืื ืืืื ื. ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืงืืืืื ืฉื ืชืืฆืืืช ืงืื ืืฆืื ืื 100 ืขื 250 ื"ื ืืืื.
ืืืงื
ืืืงื ืืืื ืืคืืคืืืจืืืช ืืืืจืช. "ืืืงื" ืืื ืืฉื ืืืงืืื ืฉื Lepidium meyeniiโ, ืฆืื ืืืฉืคืืช ืืจืืงืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืจืง ืืคืจื. ืืื ื ืจืื ืืื ืืคืช. ืืื ืืืชืจืื ืืช ืืืืืขืื ืฉื ืืืงื ืืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืืฉืง ืืืชืคืงืื ืืืื ื, ืื ืืฆื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืฆื ื ืฉืื. ื ืืกืืืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืช ืืกืืืืืช ืืืื, ืืืื ืืขืืืืชื ืฉื ืฆืื ืืืืงื ืืืคืจืขืืช ืืงืคื. ืฆืื ืืืืงื ืื ืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืจืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื ืืืืคื ืืฉืืจ, ืืื ืคืืขื ืขื ืื ืืืขืจืืช ืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืช ืืืคืืืช ืืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืงืืช ืฉื ืกืืจืก ืชืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืฆื ืืจืื, ืืื ืจืืื ืืืกืืืืืช. ืืฉื ื ืกืืืื ืจืืื ืืฆืืจืืช ืจืืืช ืฉื ืืืงื. ืืชืืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืืืืืช, ืืืงืช ืืืงื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืืคืฆืื ื ืืืจืช. ืืฉื ืืจืฉืช ืืฉืคืขื ืืืงื ืืืชืจ, ืืขืชืื ืงืจืืืืช ืืืืืฆืื ืขื ืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืฆืจืืช ืืฉืืจืฉืื ืฉืืืื ืฉืขืืจื ืชืืืื ืืงืจืฉื (ืกืืืืง ืืขืืืื). ืืืื ืื ืืืงืืื ืฉื ืืืงื ืืื 3 ืขื 6 ืืจืืื ืืืื.13,14
ืืคืจืขืืช ืืงืคื
ืืืื ื "ืืคืจืขืืช ืืงืคื" ืืฉืืฉ ืืชืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืกืจ ืืืืืช ืืืืืข ืืืงืคื ืื ืืฉืืืจ ืขื ืืงืคื ืืกืคืงืช ืืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืงืืื ืืืกื ืืื ืืกืคืงืื. ืืคืจืขืืช ืืงืคื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืืข ืืืืจืืื ืืืคื ืืื ืื ื ืคืฉืืื. ืืฆื ืืืจืื ืืขื ืืื 50, ืืกืืื ืื ืคืืฆื ืืืืชืจ ืืื ืืจืฉืช ืืขืืจืงืื ืืขืืงืจืืื ืฉื ืืืืจ ืืืื. ืืื, ืืืจืืื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืจืฉืช ืขืืจืงืื (ืืชืงืฉืืช ืืขืืจืงืื) ืืื ืขืื ืื ืืคืจืขืืช ืืงืคื.
ืืฉ ืืฉืืืืช ืจืื ืืืืจืืื ืชืืื ืชืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืจืืืช ืืื, ืืืื ืชืืื ื ืื-ืชืืืื ืืช, ืืืืฆืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืื-3, ืกืืง, ืฉืืงืืื ืืจืืจ ืืืงืืจืืช ืืืจืื ืฉื ืคืืืืคื ืืืื ืืคืืืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืจืืืื ืื, ืชื ืืจืืง, ืชืืฆืืืช ืฉื ืงืืืคืช ืขืฅ ืืืืจื ืืฉื ืืจืขื ืขื ืืื.15,16
ืืืืฆืืช ืืืืื ื ืืจืืื ืื ืืฆืืืจืืืื, ืืื ืื ืกืืง, ืืืืืืช ืืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืจืืืช ืืื ืขื-ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืฆืืจ ืฉื ืื ืงื ืื-ืืืฆื ื ืืืื ืืื.17 ืืกืคืจ ืืืงืจืื ืืคืืื-ืกืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืช ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืจืืื ืื ืืฉืคืจ ืืช ืงืฉืืืืช ืืืงืคื ืืืกืืคืืง ืืืืกื ืืื.18 ืืืงืจืื ืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืืชื ืืืืืข ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืื ืืฉืืืื ืืจืืื ืื ืื ืฆืืืจืืืื ืขื ืชืืฆืืช ืฉื ืงืืืคืช ืขืฅ ืืืืจื (ืื ืฉื ืืจืขื ืขื ืืื).19
ืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช
ืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืช ืืืขืืืช ืืืจืืืืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืชืจ ืืฆื ืืืจืื. ืืืชื ืืืืจืืื ืืชืืื ืชืืื ืฉืืืขืืืื ืืืคืจืขืืช ืืงืคื, ืืฉืืืื ืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช. ืื ืื ื ืืืืจืื ืขื ืืชืืื ื ืืื-ืชืืืื ืืช ืืืืจืืื ืชืืื ืชืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืืขืืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืื.20,21 ืืคืจื, ืืืืืื ืืืจืขืื ืืืืืืื ืขืฉืืจืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืืชืจืืืืืช ืฆืืืืืช ืฉืชืืืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช. ืืจืขืื ื ืืืขืช ืขืฉืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฅ, ืืืืืื E ืืคืืืืกืืจืืืื ืืืขื ืืงืื ืชืืืื ืชืืื ืชืืช ืืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช.
ืืืช ืืืขืืืช ืืฉืืืืืช ืืืืชืจ ืืขืจืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืขืจืืื ืืช ืฉืคืืจื (ืจืืฉื ืืชืืืืช ืืื ืืืืช: BPH). ืืขืจื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืจืื ืืืื 50 ืกืืื ืืืืขืื ืืื, ืืืฉืืืืืช ืฉืื ืขืืื ืืืฆืืืืช ืืืืืขื ื-90% ืืืื 85 ืฉื ื. ื ืืชื ืืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืชืกืืื ืื ืืืืืืื ืฉื BPH, ืืืืืื ืืช ืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชื ื ืืืืืช (ื ืืงืืืจืื).
ืชืืกืฃ ืืชืืื ื ืืคืืคืืืจื ืืืืชืจ ืืืืคืื ื-BPH ืืื ืชืืฆืืช ืืงื ื ื ืกื (ืขื 85-95% ืืืืฆืืช ืฉืืื ืืกืืจืืืื). ืื ืื ืื ืืคืขืืื ืฉื ืชืืฆืืช ืืืงื ืื ื ืกื ืงืฉืืจ ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืืืืืฃ ืืืืจืืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช. ืืืืงืจืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืฉื ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืงื ื ื ืกื ืืืืืชืืืช, ืืืงื ืื ื ืกื ืืฆืืื ืืขืืืจ ืื-90% ืืืืืจืื ืขื BPH ืงืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืืช ืืืฉืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืกืืื ืืชืกืืื ืื ืืืืื 4 ืขื 6 ืืฉืืืขืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืืคืื.22 ืขื ืืืช, ืืฉื ื ืืขืื ืจืฆืื ืืช ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืงื ืื ื ืกื ืืชืืกืคืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืง. ืื ืืืืืฉ ืืช ืืฆืืจื ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืชืืืช, ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืชืืฉื ืื ืืกืืืื ืืงืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืืช.23
ืกืจืื ืืขืจืืื ืืช ืืื ืืขืืืช ืืจืืืืช ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ื ืืกืคืช ืืงืจื ืืืืจืื. ืงืืื ืืชืื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืื ืืจืืืืช ืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช.21 ืืืขืฉื, ืื ืฉืืืขืื ืืื ืืืขืื ืื ืืขืจืืื ืืช. ืืืืืื, ืืชืืื ื ืืื-ืชืืืื ืืช ืืืจืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืคื ื ืืืืืช ืื ืืืคื ื ืกืจืื ืืขืจืืื ืืช.24,25 ืืื ืืืืจืืื ืืชืืื ืชืืื ืืขืืงืจืืื ืื ืงืฉืจืื ืืกืจืื ืืขืจืืื ืืช ืชืืื ื ืฉืขืฉืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืืื, ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืฆืืื,26 ืืฉืืื ืจืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืฆืจื ืืื27 ืืืื ืืคืืจืืช, ืืืจืืงืืช, ืืืืืืื ืืืจืขืื, ืืื ืชืืื ื ืืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืขื ืืฉืคืขื ืืืื ื, ืืื ืืืงืืคื, ืกืื ืืื, ืืืืืื E, ืืืืฆืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืื-3 ืืจืืืืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืกืจืื ืืืจืงืืช ืืืฉืคืืช ืืืจืื. ืืืืข ืฉืืืืจืืื ืืชืืื ืชืืื ืืืื ืืฉืคืืขืื ืขื ืจืืืช ืืืจืืื ื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืื ื ืกืืืืง ืืจืขืื ืื ืืจืืืช ื ืืืื ืืืืฆืื. ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืฆืืื ืืขืืงืจืืื ืฉื ืืืืงืจืื ืืืืขืืื ืืจืืืื ืืืื:
ืืืงืืคื, ืืงืจืืื ืืืขื ืืง ืืขืืื ืืืช ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืฆืืข ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืจื ืชืืื ืชื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ืช ืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช. ืืืืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจื ืืืื ืืืจืกืืืช ืืจืืืืจื, ืืืืจืื ืขื ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืงืืคื ืืชืืื ื ืืื ืืกืืืื ื ืืื ืืืชืจ ื-21% ืืคืชื ืกืจืื ืขืจืืื ืืช, ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืจืื ืขื ืืฆืจืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืงืืคื.28
ืื ืกืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืจื ืืฉืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืคืืขื ืืฉืืชืืฃ ืคืขืืื ืืืืง ืขื ืืืงืืคื ืืืื ื ืขื ืชืื ืืขืจืืื ืืช. ื ืืกืืืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืคืืื-ืกืืืืช ืืื ื ืืื ืขื ืฉืืจืื ืขืชืืจื ืกืื ืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืช ืืฉืคืขืชื ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืกืื ืืื ืขื ืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช.29
ืืืืงื ืืช ืืืืจื ืืืื
ืืฉ ืืจืคืืื ืืืืขืืช ืืคืฉืจืืืืช ืจืืืช ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืืจืืื ืืจืืช ืืืกืืืกืืจืื, ืืืฉืง ืืืื ื, ืืืืฆืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืช ืืฆื ืืืจืื. ืขื ืืืช, ืฆืจืื ืืืชืืื ืืช ืืฆืืคืืืช ืืืฆืืืืช ืืื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืฉืื ืืืฉืจ. ืื ืืืจ ืกืืื ืืขืืืฃ ืืฉืงื, ืื ืขืืกืง ืืคืขืืืืช ืืืคื ืืช ืื ืืฉืฃ ืืกืืจืก ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืจืื ืืงืฉืืจืื ืืชืืื ื ืืืืืจื ืืืื, ืื ืกืืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉืืฃ ืืื ืืืืืฆืจืื ืืืืขืืื ืืืื ืื ืืขืฉื ืืช ืืงืกื ืฉืืื ืืฆืคื ืื.
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โืืชื ืืืชืืจ:โ ืืจืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืื ืื ื ืืขื ืืืืื,,,