ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ื™ืขืจ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืื“ื•ื ื›ื”ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ โ€” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ื–ื” โ€” ืœื—ืœืง ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื”ืชืคืจื™ื˜, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื.

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช

ื›ื•ืก ืื—ืช, ืื• 220 ื’ืจ', ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืงืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื”:

ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืชื™ืืžื™ืŸ, ืจื™ื‘ื•ืคืœื‘ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ืืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B6. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ E.     

ืžืงื•ืจ: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/269142.php

ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืขืงื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื•, ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื. ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืขืงื” ืืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื”. ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ-ืขืœ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ื’ื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C, ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืคืœื‘ื ื•ึนืœ ื•ืคืจื•-ืื ืชื•-ืฆื™ืื ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื (PAC).

ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2009 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ื‘ื“ื ื”ืขืœื• ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืฆืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉืฉ ื•ืžืขืœื”. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื›ื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื™ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช. ืจืง ืžื ื” ืื—ืช (100 ื’ืจื) ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” 25% ืžื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C.     

ืงื•ื•ืจืฆื˜ื™ืŸ

ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœ ืงื•ื•ืจืฆื˜ื™ืŸ, ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื“ืœืงืช ื•ื’ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื•ืจืฆื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื.

ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช 

ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ ื”ื ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ื’ื ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. 

ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ

ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›-500,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืžืชืืฉืคื–ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื’ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื‘ืฉื UTI (ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ "ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ"). ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ, ืฉื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ืฉื™ื, ืœื ืจืง ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ืื‘ื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื‘ื“ื (ืืœื— ื“ื). ื›-11% ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืกื‘ืœื• ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ ื‘-12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื—ืช ืžื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืชืคืชื— ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืœื ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•, ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2014 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช Clinical Infectious Disease. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2014 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช Journal of the American Geriatric Society ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 26% ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื’ืจื™ืื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช.

ืื™ืš ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช. ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื™ืฆืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ืื™. ืงื•ืœื™ โ€” ื”ืคืชื•ื’ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœ-80% ืžื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ โ€” ืœื“ืคื ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ืช ื”ืฉืชืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื.   ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ: ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช.

ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื›ืจืช

ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 2, ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืกืชื ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื•. ื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืจืžื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ (ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–) ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื, ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื, ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื โ€” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘, ืœืฉื‘ืฅ, ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืื™-ืกืคื™ืงืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืช. 

ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื›ืจืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 2, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืขืœืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2018 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ โ€œืฆืจื™ื›ื”  ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฅ  ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช  (240  ืž"ืœ) ื‘ืžืฉืš 12  ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืชโ€ฆื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ืโ€ ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช.  ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ืžื™ืฅ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืฅ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืขื ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื›ืจ. 

ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช, ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื

ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื”ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ืืกื™ื”. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช. ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื‘ื“ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ โ€” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ 7.6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื‘ืœ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื. 

ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื‘. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื™ื-ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช New England Journal of Medicine, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ โ€œืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืชื—ืœื•ืื” ืงืจื“ื™ื•ื•ืกืงื•ืœืจื™ืช (ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื), ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื™ื-ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขื•ืœื” ืื• ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืงืจื“ื™ื•ื•ืกืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื.โ€.   

ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืœื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืš. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2016 ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘, ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘. 

ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ

ืœืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-2,000 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื™ืคื•ืงืจื˜ืก ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ โ€œื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื™โ€. ื”ืžื“ืข ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™, ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื, ืื ื• ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•, ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช.

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ โ€œืžื–ื•ืŸโ€ ืœื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืคื™ื“ื•ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื”. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืกืคื™ื’ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.

ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืงื˜ืจ ืคื™ืœื•ืจื™. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื–ื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืงื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื”. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ืจืคืœื•ืงืก ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ ืื• ื’ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ื™ืก, ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืงื˜ืจ.   ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืžื™ืฅ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื”ื–ื” ืžื”ืงื™ื‘ื”. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2005 ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช 189 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžื™ืฅ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 90 ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื›ื‘ ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืงื˜ืจ ืคื™ืœื•ืจื™ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื”. ืื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืฆืœื›ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืงื˜ืจ ืคื™ืœื•ืจื™, ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื. 

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โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“