ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื (ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: GLM), ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืžื•ืœื™ื ื ื™ื•-ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ื™ื (Perna canaliculus), ื”ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื›ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“. ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ื, ืฆื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ. ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœื›ืš.

ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”

ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืคื•ึผืจืื ื™ื•ืช (ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช-F). ืืœื” ื”ื ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื — ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช-F ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืฆื•ืช. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืฆื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ื’ื ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื. (ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืคืขื™ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ GLM ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืคึผืจื™ื ื•ึนืœ, ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืœื™ืคื™ื“ื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืจื‘-ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ).

ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืคื•ึผืจืื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3, ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื. ื”ืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ 5'-ืœื™ืคึผื•ึน-ืื•ึนืงืกื™ื’ื ืื– ื•ืฆื™ืงืœื•-ืื•ึนืงืกื™ื’ื ืื–, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื“ืœืงืช, ืืš ืœืœื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืžื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื•ึนื™ืงื•ึนื˜ืจื™ืื ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ึนืกื˜ื’ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืชื™ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื“ืœืงืช.  

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข GLM ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืกืชืžื”, ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื“ืœืงืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœ-GLM ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขื™.

ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”

ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.  ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”" ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ืื• ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื. ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืืช ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขื™. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืชื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช (SCFA), ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืœื”ื•ืžืื•ืกื˜ืื–ื™ืก, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช.

ืืกืชืžื”

ืืกืชืžื” (ืงืฆืจืช) ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืช ืจื™ืื•ืช ื“ืœืงืชื™ืช ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืจืงืžืช ื”ืจื™ืื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื™ื. ื”ืชืงืฃ ืืกืชืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื”.  

ื›-300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืืกืชืžื”. ื›ืžืขื˜ 250,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”. ื”ืชืงืฃ ืืกืชืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฆืคืฆื•ืคื™ื, ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ ื•ืงื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืฆื“ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืื‘ืงืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืื• ืœืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ืืกืชืžื”. ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ, ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืžื“ื“ ืžืกืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ 30 ื•ืžืขืœื”, ืžื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ืืกืชืžื”.

ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืกืชืžื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืืกืชืžื” ืชืœื•ื™ืช ืžืืžืฅ. ืืกืชืžื” ื–ื• ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืืกืชืžื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืกืชืžื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื.

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2002, ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ืืกืชืžื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืฆืคืฆื•ืคื™ื ื•ืงื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืืกืชืžื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.

ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช

ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ "ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืœืื™" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืจืงื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ืจืก ื”ืกื—ื•ืก, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ืจื™ืคื•ื“ ืฉืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืขืฆื. ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื™ืœ 40, ื•ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช. ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืื‘ื™ ืžืคืจืงื™ื, ืืš ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœืœื ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช.

ื’ื ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ืœืงืช ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืคืจืง ืฉื ืคื’ืข. ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื’'ื•ืฉื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื•', ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจ ืžืจืคืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ. ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืœืžืจืคืง ืคื™ืŸ ืžืชื›ืชื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขืฆื. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืชื— ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืงืœื” ื‘ืžืคืจืง ื”ืžืจืคืง. ื–ื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื‘ืœื• ืžื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ื•ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงืจ.

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2000 ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื“ืœืงืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื.

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2008 ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืคึผืจื™ื ื•ึนืœ, ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืžืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืœื ืคึผืจื•ึนืงืกืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช. ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื›ืจืกืžื™ื ืขื ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื“ืœืงืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2012 ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช 80 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืกื•ืœื ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื›ืื‘ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื  ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฆื˜ืžื•ืœ (ืืฆื˜ืžื™ื ื•ืคืŸ). ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืกื‘ืœื• ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืื‘ื™ื. ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2018 ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช. ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืขื ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื. ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืชืŸ ื ื•ื’ื“ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ืžื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื“ืœืงืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.

ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืชื•ืงืคืช ืืช ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืžืคืจืงื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืก ื”ืกื—ื•ืก. ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœ. ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช (JRA). ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืฉื, ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืขื”. ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.

ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื• ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื“ืœืงืช ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ื—ืงืจ ืžืงืจื” ืžืฉื ืช 2000 ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืชื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2007 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ืขื“ ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฉืœืžื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื ื–ืง ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.

ื›ืื‘ื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื

ื›ืื‘ื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืชืกืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืฉื›ื›ื™ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื›ืžื• ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืงื™ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.  

ืืžื ื ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2015 ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื’ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ื ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืชื•ืกืฃ ืขื ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืกื‘ืœื• ืžื›ืื‘ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ืชื•ืกืฃ ื›ื–ื”. ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.

ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–

ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ืžืžื ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืืฃ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื’ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื. ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืžืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–. ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™. ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื, ืœื“ื›ื ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.

ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื–ืืช, ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2017 ื ืขืจืš ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• 144 ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื’ืœื•ืœืช ืคืœืฆื‘ื•. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืชื—ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš 14 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงืฉื™ื™ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื˜ื-ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื–ื”.

ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื›ืฉืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืจืง ื“ื•ื— ืžืงืจื” ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืช 79 ืฉืกื‘ืœื” ืžื›ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื•ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืงืฉืจ ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื” ืœืœื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืจื›ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ื–ื”.

ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ื

ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืกืขื“ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ืืœื ืื ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื–ืืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžื•ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื”ื•ื 500 ืขื“ 1,500 ืž"ื’ ืคืขื ืื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช.

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

  1. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Aug;147(4):645-56. Epub 2017 Apr 14. Novel anti-inflammatory omega-3 PUFAs from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus.
  2. Saltzman ET, Thomsen M, Hall S, Vitetta L. Perna canaliculus and the Intestinal Microbiome. Mar Drugs. 2017;15(7):207. Published 2017 Jun 30. doi:10.3390/md15070207
  3. Eur Respir J. 2002 Sep;20(3):596-600.
  4. Respir Med. 2013 Aug;107(8):1152-63. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.04.010. Epub 2013 May 23.
  5. Allerg Immunol (Paris). 2000 Sep;32(7):272-8.
  6. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Dec;40(4):148-53.
  7. Stebbings S, Gray A, Schneiders AG, Sansom A. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a novel green-lipped mussel extract -BioLex® -for managing pain in moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):537. Published 2017 Aug 22. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1907-9
  8. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Feb;52(3):167-175. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097333. Epub 2010 Oct 10.
  9. Br J Nutr. 2001 Mar;85(3):251-69.
  10. Sheila L. M. Gibson.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.Aug 2000.ahead of printhttp://doi.org/10.1089/10755530050120727
  11. Lawson BR, Belkowski SM, Whitesides JF, Davis P, Lawson JW. Immunomodulation of murine collagen-induced arthritis by N, N-dimethylglycine and a preparation of Perna canaliculus. BMC Complement Altern Med. Published 2012 Jun 28. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-81
  12. Mickleborough TD, Sinex JA, Platt D, Chapman RF, Hirt M. The effects PCSO-524®, a patented marine oil lipid and omega-3 PUFA blend derived from the New Zealand green lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), on indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammation after muscle damaging exercise in untrained men: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015 Nov 25;12:43. Published 2015 Feb 19. doi:10.1186/s12970-015-0073-z
  13. Parletta N, Niyonsenga T, Duff J. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Correlations with Symptoms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Controls. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0161162. Published 2017 Jun 27. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180067
  14. Kean JD, Sarris J, Scholey A, Silberstein R, Downey LA, Stough C. Reduced inattention and hyperactivity and improved cognition after marine oil extract (PCSO-524®) supplementation in children and adolescents with clinical and subclinical symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016;234(3):403-420.
  15. Chang JP, Su KP, Mondelli V, Pariante CM. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Youths with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials and Biological Studies. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;43(3):534-545.
  16. Abdulazim A, Hädrich M, Montani M, Semmo N. Acute Hepatitis Induced by Lyprinol, the Lipid Extract of the Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus), in a Patient with Polyarthrosis. Case Reports Hepatol. 2012;2012:135146.

โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“