ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2019 / ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2023

ืžื”ื• ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”?

ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืงืžื— ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ืขื ืžื“ื“ ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืฆืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” (ืžื ื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืžืฆื•ื™ ืื• Manihot esculenta). ืฆืžื— ื”ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืคืงืขืชื™, ื›ืžื• ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื˜ื”. ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื. ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืชื–ื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-800 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืฆืžื— ื–ื”. 

ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ื ืืช ืฆืžื— ื”ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื•ึผืงื”, ืืš ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื™ื•ึผืงื”", ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื–ื”ื” ืœื™ื•ึผืงื” (Yucca sp.). ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืฆืžื— ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื™ื•ึผืงื” ื”ื™ื ืฆืžื— ื“ืžื•ื™ ืงืงื˜ื•ืก ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืกื•ืงื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื (ื”ืขืกื•ืกื™ื). ืœื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื™ื•ึผืงื”, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš.

ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงืกืื•ื•ื”, ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงื” ื•ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”

ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงื”. ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื˜ื—ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืจืง ืืช ื”ืขืžื™ืœืŸ ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ. ืงืžื— ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงื” ื˜ื—ื•ื ื”.

ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืžื— ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงื”. ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืชื™ืจืก, ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ื“ื’ื ื™ื. 

ื™ืฉ ืœืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื˜ืขื ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžืจืงื ืื‘ืงืชื™, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื”. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืœืงืžื— ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. 

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”

ื™ืฉ ืœืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™: ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื™ ืขืžื™ืœืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื•ืจื–, ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื”, ืคืกื˜ื” ื•ืœื—ื ืžื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžื“ื’ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื. 

ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืขืžื™ืœืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” (ื•ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงื”) ื”ื•ื ืขืžื™ืœืŸ ืขืžื™ื“. ืขืžื™ืœืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืขื›ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืกืคื’ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™ ื”ื“ืง ื•ื‘ืžืขื™ ื”ื’ืก. ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขื™ (ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™), ืืœื ื’ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ 3 ื’ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื (ืœืขื•ืžืช ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ืœื‘ืŸ ืจื‘-ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™). ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืœืฆื“ ืงืžื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ืื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื 46, ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” (85) ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” (78) ื•ืื•ืจื– (70).

4 ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”

ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืงืžื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”. ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงืžื— ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืžื— ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืงืžื— ืงื•ืงื•ืก. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืงืœ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ, ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืชื•ืจื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื:

  • ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ: ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืงืžื—ื™ื ืžื“ื’ื ื™ื ืขื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืขื™ ื“ื•ืœืฃ ื•ื“ืœืงืช, ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจื’ื™ืฉื”. ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืืœืจื’ื ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื’ืจื™ื.
  • ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื“ืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ: ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ืš, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืื• ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืื™ืœื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื“ ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ื ืžื•ืš. ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืžื—ื™ื ื•ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื›ืจ. ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื“ืœ-ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžืื•ื–ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื.
  • ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืงืœ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ: ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ื– ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”. ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืงืœ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื›ืš ืฉืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืงืžื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืชื•ืจื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืžืขื™ ื•ืžืฆืžืฆื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืขืžื™ืœืŸ ืขืžื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื. 
  • ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืืœืจื’ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื’ื ื™ื: ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื“ืœ ืืœืจื’ื ื™ื. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. 

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ

ืœืจื•ื‘, ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ืคื•ื—. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื. ืœืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืขื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ. ืงืžื— ื–ืจืขื™ ืคืฉืชืŸ ื•ื’ื ื–ืจืขื™ ืฆ'ื™ื” ื”ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœืื” ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืื›ืœื™ื. ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื•ื”ืžืจืงื ืฉืœ ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” ืœื‘ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืงืžื— ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืžืจืื” ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.

3 ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ืขื ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”

ืื ืชื”ื™ืชื ืื™ืคื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”, ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืจื—ื•ืง. ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ืขื ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช.

ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื ื” ืขื ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”

ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื:

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช:

  1. ื—ืžืžื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื•ืคืœื™ื.
  2. ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื ื“ืจ.
  3. ืขืจื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ื“ืงื”, ืขื“ ืฉืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืจืงื ื—ืœืง.
  4. ืื ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ื•ื’ ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœื‘ ืื• ืžื™ื.
  5. ืžื–ื’ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื•ืคืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืคืœื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืคื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
  6. ื›ืฉื”ืงืจื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื™ืš ื•ื—ื•ื, ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ.
  7. ืคื–ืจื• ืืช ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•!

ืคื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžืงืกืื•ื•ื”

ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื:

ืฆื™ื•ื“:

  • ื—ื™ืฉื•ืง ืคื™ืฆื”
  • ืกื™ืจ ืื• ืžื—ื‘ืช
  • ื›ื•ืก ืžื“ื™ื“ื”
  • ื›ืฃ 
  • ื›ืฃ ืœืขืจื‘ื•ืœ
  • ืžื•ืขืš ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื”

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช:

  1. ืžื“ื“ื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืžื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
  2. ืžื–ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™. ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืจืงื ืžื’ื•ืจืขืŸ.
  3. ืคืจืงื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืฃ ืื• ื‘ื™ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืจืงื ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™. 
  4. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืืคื™ื™ื”.
  5. ื—ืžืžื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืฆื”.
  6. ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• 9 ื›ืคื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืžืžืช. ืคื–ืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช, ืชื•ืš ื“ื—ื™ืกืช ื”ืงืžื— ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”. 
  7. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื ืืคื™ืช, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื•ืขืš ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื”.
  8. ืืคื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืืจื‘ืข ื“ืงื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช. 
  9. ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ืง ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืคื™ืชืช ื”ืงืกืื•ื•ื”.
  10. ืืคื• ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข ื“ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
  11. ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื” ืžื”ืžื—ื‘ืช, ืชื ื• ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•!

ืขื•ื’ืช ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ืงืจืžื™ืช

ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื:

  • ืฉืชื™ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ืงืกืื•ื•ื”
  • ืคื—ื™ืช ืื—ืช (ื›-410 ืž"ืœ) ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ (ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื• 1/3 ื›ื•ืก ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™)
  • ืคื—ื™ืช ืื—ืช (ื›-355 ืž"ืœ) ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืžืื•ื“ื”
  • ืคื—ื™ืช ืื—ืช (ื›-410 ืž"ืœ) ื—ืœื‘ ืงื•ืงื•ืก (ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื• 1/3 ื›ื•ืก ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™)
  • ืคื—ื™ืช ืื—ืช (ื›-355 ืž"ืœ) ืฉืœ ืงืจื ืงื•ืงื•ืก (ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื• 1/3 ื›ื•ืก ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™)
  • 2/3 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืงื•ืงื•ืก
  • 3 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื
  • 3 ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื”
  • 3 ื—ืœืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” (ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื“ ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™)
  • ื›ื•ืก ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื•ืก ืžื’ื•ืจื“

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช:

  1. ื—ืžืžื• ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›-160 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก.
  2. ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” (ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™).
  3. ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืคืจืงื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฉื™ื.
  4. ืฉืžื ื• ืฉืชื™ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื–ืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.
  5. ืืคื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›-30 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืชืชืžืฆืง.
  6. ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ืžื–ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื•ืช.
  7. ืืคื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 20 ืขื“ 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. 
  8. ืชื ื• ืœืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
  9. ืคืจืกื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•!

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

  1. Wen JJ, Li MZ, Nie SP. Dietary supplementation with resistant starch contributes to intestinal health. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2023 Jul 1;26(4):334-340.
  2. Maiya M, Adorno A, Toulabi SB, et al. Resistant starch improves cardiometabolic disease outcomes: A narrative review of randomized trials. Nutr Res. 2023 Jun;114:20-40. 
  3. Okafor EN, Erukainure OL, Ozumba AU et al. Cassava Flour Substitution Modulates Glycemic Responses and Glycemic Index of Wheat Breads in Apparent Healthy Volunteers. J Diet Suppl. 2017 Jul 4;14(4):446-452

โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“