ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื’ืจื“ ื•ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจืื™ื™ื” ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืœืžื“ื™. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื• ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื™ื” 59 ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืžื—ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื (ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: DED). ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื, ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.

ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื?

DED ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืžื—ืœื” ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžืข. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืคื•ื—ืช, ืงืจื•ื ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืขืœื. ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื™ืœ, ืžื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื’ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื’ืข, ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ื’ืœืื•ืงื•ืžื”, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืชืจื™ืก, ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื›ืจืช ื•ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื›ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ืžื™ื™ื‘ื•ืžื™ืืŸ (ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: MGD). ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื‘ื•ืžื™ืืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ืกืชืžื•ืช ื•ืžืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”. ืื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื MGD, ื ื“ืจืฉ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืืฆืœื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง ืืฆืœ ืจื•ืคื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืœื™ื•ื‘ืฉ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช: ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื (ืœื ื˜ื™ืœื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื”). ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื” ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืงืจื•ื ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืกืจ.

1. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื

ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืžืคืจืกื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช. ื’ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืกื™ื›ื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืื“ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืจื™ื. ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืจื•ืš-ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ื ื–ืืœืงื•ื ื™ื•ื ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืฉืžืจ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.

2. ื”ื™ืืœื•ืจื•ื ื˜

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกืชืžื ื™ื ื›ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื’ื ื”ื™ืืœื•ืจื•ื ื˜ (ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ืฆื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ื™ืืœื•ืจื•ื ื™ืช). ื”ื™ืืœื•ืจื•ื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืงืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืกื™ื›ื”. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืืœื•ืจื•ื ื˜ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืœืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืืœื•ืจื•ื ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืฆื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืืœื•ืจื•ื ื˜ ื”ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

3. ืฉื•ึผืฉ (ืœื™ืงื•ืจื™ืฅ)

ืœื™ืงื•ืจื™ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื“ืœืงืช. ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืงื•ืจื™ืฅ ื”ื•ื ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืš 70% ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืคืจื• ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืœืจื’ื™ืช ื•ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ื™ ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœ ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

4. ืฉืžืŸ ืงื™ืง

ืฉืžืŸ ืงื™ืง ืžืฉืžืฉ ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ ืžื“ื™ ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืžื™ ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืฉืžืŸ ืงื™ืง ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉืžืŸ ืงื™ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืงืจื•ื ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื ื’ื“ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืžืŸ ืงื™ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-MGD ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ืœืงืช, ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืจืงืžื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื•ืช.

5. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A โ€Žื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช. ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืš ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืœืงื•ืช ื•ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ. ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ืคื•ืžื™ ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื›ื ืจืื” ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉื’ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-DED. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฉื—ื” ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืืช ืงืจื•ื ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื ืžืฆื ื™ืขื™ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืื™ื ื”ื ื’ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ DED.

ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื (ืœื ื˜ื™ืœื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื”) ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื•ืžื“ื“ื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช.

1. ืื•ืžื’ื”-3

ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3 ื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืงืฆืจ-ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื ื˜ืœื• ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3 ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ืŸ: 360 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืื™ืงื•ึนืกืืคึผื ื˜ืื ื•ึนืื™ืช (EPA) ื•-240 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื“ื•ึนืงื•ืกื”ึถืงึฐืกื ื•ึนืื™ืช (DHA). ื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื ื˜ืœื• ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3 ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ืจ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืจื“ ืžื—ืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3.

ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื DED ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืœ, ืฉืžืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื ืื• ืคืœืฆื‘ื•. ื’ื ืฉืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืœ ื•ื’ื ืฉืžืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3. ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 1000 ืž"ื’ EPA ื•-500 ืž"ื’ DHA ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืืžื ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3 ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืชื•ืขืœืช, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื“ืœืงืช.

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžื˜ื-ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3 ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3 ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื ื’ื“ DED.

2. ืฉืžืŸ ืื•ึนื‘ึผืœื™ืคึผื™ื—ื” (ื”ื™ืคื•ืคื™ืื”)

ืื•ึนื‘ึผืœื™ืคึผื™ื—ื” (ื”ื™ืคื•ืคื™ืื”) ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื•ืžื’ื”-7. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื•ืžื’ื”-3 ื•ืื•ืžื’ื”-6, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื•ืžื’ื”-7 ื”ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ื“-ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื•ื•ื™, ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ืื•ืžื’ื”-7, ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงืจ ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืกืชื™ื• ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืฉืžืŸ ืื•ื‘ืœืคื™ื—ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื“ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžื’ืžืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฆืจื™ื‘ื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืžืŸ ืื•ื‘ืœืคื™ื—ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงืจ.

ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืฉืžืŸ ืื•ื‘ืœืคื™ื—ื” ื•ืฉืžืŸ ืื•ืžื’ื”-7 ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช. ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื•ืžื’ื”-7 ื”ืŸ ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืื•ื‘ืœืคื™ื—ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ืืžื ื ื”ื ืœื ื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ DED, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืžืงื“ืžื™ื” ื’ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื•ืžื’ื”-7.

3. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D

ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D โ€Žืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-DED. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืชืื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ืœื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ืžืชืื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ืœืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช.

ืืžื ื ื”ืžืชืื ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื™ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื•.

4. ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื

ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš. ืืžื ื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ DED. ื›ืš, ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืกืฃ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคืœืฆื‘ื•.

ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื DED ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืจื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื Saccharomyces boulardii โ€Žื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ Enterococcus faecium ืื• ืคืœืฆื‘ื•. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื "ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคืœืฆื‘ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืคืจ ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื•ืืช ืงืจื•ื ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช.

ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ื›ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืงืจ (ืกื˜ืจื™ืœื™), ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืื• ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืจืง ืื ื”ื ื ืจื›ืฉื• ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ ื•ืคื•ืชื—ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ืžืกืงื ื”

ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ืงืฉื”, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” (DED) ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจื•ืคื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืœื™ื•ื‘ืฉ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื’ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.

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โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“