ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืžื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืคืจืš, ื’ื ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืจื”"ื‘. ืืžื ื ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืœื ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.

ื›ืš, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืคืจืกื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื. ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืกืงืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ (NHANES) ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืกืงืจ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืืจื”"ื‘, ืื•ืœื™ ืขื“ 80% ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื’ืŸืื‘ืฅืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ืื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B6ืคื•ืœื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B12ื™ื•ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ K2. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื A ื•-D3 ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช

ืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื ืจืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืจืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื”: ื”ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช (RDA) ื•ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช (RDI).

  • ื”ืžื•ื ื— RDA ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืžืกืคืงืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ 97.5% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื•ืœืžื’ื“ืจ.
  • ื ืชื•ื ื™ RDI ืคื•ืชื—ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืจื›ื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ ื–ื”ื” ืœืขืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ RDA ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื ืชื•ื ื”.

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ RDA ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืจื›ื™ ื”-RDA ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื "ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื".

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœืžืช ืื• ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืงื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืชืช-ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืื• ืฉื•ืœื™, ืื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ืŸ. ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืจืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื•ืœืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ืŸ, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืช-ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืงืฉืจืช ืœืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืื™-ื”ืชืืžื” ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืžื– ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืชืช-ืงืœื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช, ื™ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ืื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืชืช-ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.

ืžื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื

ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื• ืœืคืจืง ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช.

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•-ืคืงื˜ื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื•/ืื• ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ืื ื—ืกืจ ืœืื ื–ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœ ืื• ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื‘ืฅ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืื ื–ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคืขืœ ืืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”. ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืื‘ืฅ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™.

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•-ืคืงื˜ื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื•/ืื• ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ืื ื—ืกืจ ืœืื ื–ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœ ืื• ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ื”ืื ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ื ืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœ/ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื‘ืฅ ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื ื–ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคืขืœ ืืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”, ื›ื™ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ืœืœื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืฅ ื‘ืื ื–ื™ื.

ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื. ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ื, ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ื”ืžืชืคืงื“ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื ื–ื™ื. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ืœืœื ื”ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ื, ื”ืื ื–ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•.

ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ (ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื). ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื›ื–ื”.

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A

ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืžืกื™ืก ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื ื–ื” (ื”ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ-ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™). ื”ืฉื ื–ื” ืžืกืžืœ ื’ื ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช "ืื ื˜ื™-ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช". ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ืงืกืจื•ืคื˜ืœืžื™ื” (ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช). ื”ืชืกืžื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจืื™ื™ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืœืงื•ื™ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืžื—ืžื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืชืงืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื—ืžื™ืช. ื•ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื›ื›ื•ืช, ืœืื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชื›ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ.

ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-500 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A, ื•ื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืš ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.1 ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื. ื•ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืชื•ืš ื›-12 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”. ืืžื ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A (ืœืžืฉืœ, 4,000 ืžืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ) ืื—ืช ืœืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืจืžืช ื”ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื. ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ื‘ ืื• ื‘ืคืœื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-0.35 ืžื™ืงืจื•ืžื•ืœ/ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-0.7 ืžื™ืงืจื•ืžื•ืœ/ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืชืช-ืงืœื™ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A.

ืืžื ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื›-46% ืžื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช.2

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืžืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื‘ืฅ ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืจืช ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื“ 25% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A.3

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื—ืžืื”, ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืžื•ืขืฉืจื™ื, ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงืจ, ื›ื‘ื“ ืขื•ืฃ ื•ืฉืžืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงืœื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืžื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื’ื–ืจ, ื‘ื˜ื˜ื”, ื“ืœืขืช, ืžืœื•ืŸ ื•ืžื ื’ื•). ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืจืง ืขื– ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื—ืกื”.

ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช (ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ืื• IU), ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืงื•ืœื” ืœ-0.3 ืžืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื• 0.6 ืžืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1967 ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืงื™ืœื•ึผืช ืœืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ ืคืขื™ืœ (RAE) ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ 1 ืžืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœ-1 RAE. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1980 ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ื–ื• ืื•ืžืฆื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช RAE, ื’ื ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ. ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื 900 ื•-700 RAE, ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”. ืจืžืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื ืกื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช (UL) ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืจืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื 3,000 RAE ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืžื•ื›ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืจืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ืกื‘ืœืช ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ, ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ.

ืื–ื”ืจื”: ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ 3,000 ืžืง"ื’ (3,000 RAE ืื• 10,000 ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ). ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœ (ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ) ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื”.

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืชืื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ "ืคืจื•-ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ" ืžืืฉืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ. ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ืžื•ืžืจ ืœ-25(OH)D3, ื”ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ืช, 1,25-ื“ื™ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืงืกื™-ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ืื• ืงืœืฆื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืœ, ืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™. ื”ื“ื "ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,700 ืืชืจื™ ืงืฉื™ืจื” ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืจืžืช 25(OH)D3 ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-25 ื "ื’/ื "ืœ, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืš. ืจืžืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืจืžื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื‘ื“ื ื”ื™ื 40 ื "ื’/ื "ืœ.4 ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื‘ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 50 ืœ-80 ื "ื’/ืž"ืœ.

ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืจืš 50% ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื ืจืื” ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D35 ืืฆืœ ื›-70% ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื‘ื“ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-30 ื "ื’/ืž"ืœ), ื•ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D (ืจืžืช 25(OH)D3 ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-25 ื "ื’/ืž"ืœ), ื›ื•ืœืœ 60% ืžื“ื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ื•-76% ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.

ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื "ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ", ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืฉืžืฉ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื• ื”ื ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ื, ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงืจ, ื—ืœืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืžื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3. ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D2, ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D2 ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืจืžืช D3 ื‘ื“ื.6 ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ื”ื™ื D3.

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3.

  • ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ โ€“ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ื, ืื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžืกื ืŸ ืงืจื™ื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
  • ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื‘ โ€“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื‘, ื›ืžื• ืืœืกืงื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืฉืžืฉ.
  • ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื, ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœ-ืกื’ื•ืœ.
  • ืขื•ืจ ื›ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ ืžืœื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืžืฆืžืฆืžืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื ืช ืขืœ-ืกื’ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขื•ืจ ื›ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D.
  • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกื ื ื™ ืงืจื™ื ื”.
  • ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 1 ื•ืกื•ื’ 2 โ€“ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, 25(OH)D3, ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื“.

ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืฉืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉืœ 25(OH)D3 ื‘ื“ื, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:

  • ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 5: ื›-110 ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ืœืง"ื’ ืžืฉืงืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื
  • ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 5-9 ืฉื ื™ื: 2000 ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื
  • ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 9-12: 2500 ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื
  • ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 12 ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื: 4000 ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ

ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื›ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืื™ ื”ื“ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ. ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืžื”ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืžื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ืœืจื™ืื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจื–ืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื "ื ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชืื™ื.

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืจื”"ื‘. ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ 1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื• ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ.6 ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื ืขืจื•ืช ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื“ 30-50% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ.7

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืกืคื™ื’ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืื• ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื•, ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื "ืœ. ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ืจื–ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืืฆืช ืืฆืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืงื”. ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื ืžื™ื” (ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชืื™ ื“ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื). ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ืžื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.

ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื•ื—. ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ, ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื. ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื ืงืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืฉื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื–, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ.

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืืฆืœื ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ืจืง ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืฉืคื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืงืฉื‘ ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ-ื˜ื•ื•ื—. ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ืื• ืœื ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช.7

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื“ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ื‘. ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืื’ืจ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช 60 ื "ื’/ืž"ืœ.

ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืฉืจ ืื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื‘ื“. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื“ื’ื™ื, ืฉืขื•ืขื™ืช, ื“ื‘ืฉื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื“ื’ื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื•ืœื—ื ืžื•ืขืฉืจ ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื ืกืคื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืžื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ. ืกืคื™ื’ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื ื ื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื (ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ 5% ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื ืœืขื•ืžืช 30% ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื). ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื™ื 18 ืž"ื’ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•-10 ืž"ื’ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื.

ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ืŸ ืกื•ืœืคื˜ ื•ืคื•ึผืžืจืื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื“ื•-ืขืจื›ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืก-ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื“ื•-ืขืจื›ื™ ื•ืคึผื™ืจื•ึนืคื•ึนืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืชืœืช-ืขืจื›ื™. ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœื ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืงื”.

ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ 30 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืื’ืจื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.

ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื•ื 30 ืž"ื’ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช. ืื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ 30 ืž"ื’ ืขื ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.

ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”

ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ืื™ืชืŸ, ืืœื™ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื–ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—" ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืขื ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืฉื’ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื™:

  1. ืชื•ืกืฃ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
  2. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 2,000-4,000 ื™ื—' ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื).
  3. ืชื•ืกืฃ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืขื ืฉืžืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื ืื• ืื•ืžื’ื”-3 ืžืืฆื•ืช ื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืง ื‘ืกื”"ื› 1,000 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ EPA+DHA ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช.
  4. ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฆืžื—ื™ ื›ืžื•:

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

  1. Zhao T, Liu S, Zhang R, Zhao Z, Yu H, Pu L, Wang L, Han L. Global Burden of Vitamin A Deficiency in 204 Countries and Territories from 1990-2019. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 23;14(5):950.
  2. Reider CA, Chung RY, Devarshi PP, et al. Inadequacy of Immune Health Nutrients: Intakes in US Adults, the 2005-2016 NHANES. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1735.
  3. Borel P, Desmarchelier C. Genetic Variations Associated with Vitamin A Status and Vitamin A Bioavailability. Nutrients. 2017 Mar 8;9(3):246.
  4. Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2011;96:1911โ€“1930.
  5. Amrein K, Scherkl M, Hoffmann M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020 Nov;74(11):1498-1513.
  6. Balachandar R, Pullakhandam R, Kulkarni B, Sachdev HS. Relative Efficacy of Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 in Improving Vitamin D Status: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021 Sep 23;13(10):3328.
  7. Zimmermann MB, Hurrell RF. Nutritional iron deficiency. Lancet 370:511โ€“520.
  8. Pawlak R, Berger J, Hines I. Iron Status of Vegetarian Adults: A Review of Literature. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2016;12(6):486-498.
  9. Mantadakis E, Chatzimichael E, Zikidou P. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Residing in High and Low-Income Countries: Risk Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 1;12(1):e2020041.
  10. 7 Serious Complications of Untreated Celiac Disease. https://glutenintoleranceschool.com/7-serious-complications-of-untreated-celiac-disease/
  11. Depression and Vitamin D Deficiency: Is There a Connection? - Healthline. 

โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“